While today we use computers both for work and play, the computer was created for a completely different purpose. By 1880, the population of the United States had grown so much that it took seven years to formulate the results of the U.S. Census. The government then looked for a faster way to get the job done, which is why drilled card computers that occupied an entire room were invented. While that's how the story begins, it's certainly not where it ends. Let's explore everything that happened before that, in the middle and after. Computers are devices that perform tasks or calculations according to a set of instructions or programs. The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s, were bulky devices that required teams of people to operate them. Compared to those new machines, today's computers are amazing. Not only are they thousands of times faster, but they can also fit on your desk, on your lap or even in your pocket. Computers are such an integral part of our daily lives that now most people take them for granted.Computers work through hardware and software interaction. The full picture of the computer goes back decades. However, there are five apparent generations of computers. Each generation is defined by a primordial technological development that necessarily changes the way computers work, leading to more compressed, economical, but more dynamic, efficient and booming machines. First generation: vacuum tubes (1940-1956) These older computers used vacuum tubes as magnetic circuits and drums for collection. As a result, they were huge, occupied entire rooms and cost resources to function. These were ineffective materials that produced a large amount of heat, absorbed a huge amount of electricity and subsequently generated an abundance of heat that caused perpetual breakdowns.These first-generation computers were based on the "machine language" (which is the most fundamental programming language that computers can understand). These computers just solved one problem at a time. The entry was based on punched cards and paper tape. The exit arose in the prints. The two eminent machines of this era were uniVAC and ENIAC machines: UNIVAC is the first commercial computer to be purchased in 1951 by a company called the U.S. Census Bureau. Second generation of computers:- Transistors(1955-1960) During the late 1950s and 1960s, interest in computer technology accelerated and the next generation of computers, the second, was introduced, replacing vacuum tubes and used transistors. Computers manufactured in the second generation were based entirely on transistors, not vacuum tubes. Until the late 1950s, the use of transistors was not widespread in computers; however, it was invented at Bell Labs by Walter H. Brattain (1902–1987), John Bardeen (1908–1991) and William B. Shockley (1910–1989) in 1947. It was evident to many in 1948, the vacuum The tube would probably replace with a transistor in devices such as televisions, computers and radios. The following image depicts what transistors look like. Third generation computers: Integrated Circuit(1964-1970) The third generation of computers used integrated circuits instead of transistor technology that was used in second-generation computers. His time period was around 1964 to 1970. An integrated circuit is a small chip that was the trademark of third-generation computers. The integrated circuit used in third-generation computers can function as computer memory, microprocessor or even amplifier. The first to develop the idea for the integrated circuit was Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby (American Electrical Engineer) of Texas Instruments in 1959. The computing landscape had completely changed to the integrated circuit in the 1960s, which is a simple thing to have multiple transistors.Compared to the first and second generation computers, the technology used in third-generation computers made them more reliable, efficient and smaller. In addition, compared to the previous two generations of computers, computers manufactured in the third generation of used integrated circuits came with features; such as faster speed, reliability, less heat generated, less maintenance. They consumed less electricity; still expensive, and air conditioning was needed. Fourth generation computers: VLSI(1971-1980) Computers manufactured in the fourth generation were based on the microprocessor, which was the extended version of the third generation of computers. These computers used VLSI circuits, and the time period of this generation was from 1971 to 1980. On a single chip, a microprocessor contains VLSI and LSI techniques for packaging millions of transistors. VLSI is short for Large-Scale Integration and LSI stands for Large-Scale Integration. In modern times, computer speed and memory have improved dramatically, while cost and size have decreased dramatically. Fifth generation of computers: ULSI(1982) In 1982, Japan's Ministry of Industry and International Trade started the fifth-generation computer system. In this generation, VLSI technology has advanced and become ULSI technology, synonymous with large-scale integration. That means ten million electronic components were used in the production of microprocessor chips. The computer manufactured in the fifth generation was created with the help of logical programming and massively parallel computing. This generation of computers was based on parallel processing hardware and AI (artificial intelligence) software. Artificial intelligence has the ability to illustrate the means and method of making computers think the same as humans. This generation uses all kinds of high-level languages such as C and C++, .Net, Java, and more.
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